Those who are unemployed but who do not meet the requirements of national systems of unemployment registration (requirements which may exclude women in particular).

Work carried out by a person in his or her home or in other premises of his or her choice, other than the workplace of the employer, for remuneration, which results in a product or a service as specified by the employer, irrespective of who provides the equipment, materials or other inputs used (ILO Convention n° 177).

The concentration of women and men into different sectors and occupations (see Job segregation).

The rights of women and the girl child as an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of universal human rights and including the concept of reproductive rights.

Work performed by people who do not have a legal work permit.

All persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed, expressed as a percentage of the population of working age (16-64).

Developing taxation and social security systems whereby rights accrue directly to the individual.

Rights which accrue directly to an individual (as opposed to derived rights).

Attitudes and their traditional assumptions, norms and values which prevent (women’s) empowerment / full participation in society.

Employment which is casual and generally not properly contracted or governed by any pay or social protection regulations.

The concentration of women and men in different types and levels of activity and employment, with women being confined to a narrower range of occupations (horizontal segregation) than men, and to the lower grades of work (vertical segregation).

Where a single job, and its remuneration and conditions, is shared by two (typically) or more people working to an agreed pattern or roster.

See Gender mainstreaming.

Leave to which a woman is entitled for a continuous period allocated before and/or after giving birth in accordance with national legislation and practice (Council Directive 92/85/EEC of 19/10/92, OJ L 348/1).

A sheltered relationship that allows learning and experimentation to take place and personal potential and new skills to flourish through a process in which one person, the mentor, supports the career and development of another, the mentee, outside the normal superior/subordinate relationship. Mentoring is increasingly used to support the personal/professional development of women.

A wage level defined in law or by agreement which is the lowest possible rate which an employer is permitted to pay.

See Job segregation.

Work which is remunerated in cash or in kind.

The individual right, in principle on a non transferable basis, to leave for all male and female workers following the birth or adoption of a child, to enable them to take care of that child (Council Directive 96/34/EEC, of 19/06/96, OJ L 145).

The concept of society as equally composed of women and men and that their full and equal enjoyment of citizenship is contingent upon their equal representation in political decision making positions, and that the close or equivalent participation of women and men, within a 40/60 range of representation, in the full democratic process is a principle of democracy.

The rate of participation by a defined group - e.g. women, men, lone parents, etc. - as a percentage of overall participation, usually in employment.

Employment for working hours which are shorter than the normal or standard full time hours.

Usually a fixed amount of leave for the father of a child which may be taken at the time of birth, or fixed amounts of time in any year or period of years which may be taken for reasons concerning the care responsibilities of a father for his child.

Measures targeted at a particular group and intended to eliminate and prevent discrimination or to offset disadvantages arising from existing attitudes, behaviours and structures (sometimes referred to as positive discrimination).

See Positive action.

BEHANDELING

The treatment of one individual or group of individuals in a manner which is likely to lead to better benefits, access, rights, opportunities or status than those of another individual or group of individuals. May be used positively when it implies a positive action intended to eliminate previous discriminatory practice or negatively where it is intended to maintain differentials or advantages of one individual/group of individuals over another.

A defined proportion or share of places, seats or resources to be filled by or allocated to a specific group, generally under certain rules or criteria, and aimed at correcting a previous imbalance, usually in decision making positions or in access to training opportunities or jobs.

Meansurement, in quantitative terms, including by assessing and reflecting its value in satellite accounts, of unremunerated work that is outside the scope of national accounts (UN system of national accounts) such as domestic work, caring for children and other dependants, preparing food for the family, community and other voluntary work.

A safe place for women and children who are victims of violence in the home (shelter, crisis centre).

The introduction of rules which govern the scope and use of part time work, aimed at preventing any form of discrimination against part-time workers, improving the quality of part-time work and facilitating the development of part-time work as a choice.

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes.

The right of any individual or couple to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health.

An official account that is separate from but consistent with core national accounts.

See Job segregation.

The biological characteristics which distinguish human beings as female or male.

The collection and separation of data and statistical information by sex to enable comparative analysis, sometime referred to as gender disaggregated statistics.

Where a person is treated less favourably because of his or her sex.

Where a law, regulation, policy or practice, apparently neutral, has a disproportionate adverse impact on the members of one sex, unless the difference of treatment can be justified by objective factors (Council Directive 76/207 of 09/02/76, OJ L 39).

A system of economic, social and political structures which sustain and reproduce distinctive gender roles and attributes of men and women (see Gender contract).

The trade in human beings, largely in women and children, for the purpose of sexual exploitation.

Unwanted conduct of a sexual nature or other conduct based on sex affecting the dignity of women and men at work including conduct of superiors and colleagues (Council Resolution 90/C 157/02 of 29/05/90, OJ C 157).

Sexual preference for a person of either the same or the opposite sex (homosexuality, lesbianism, heterosexuality, bisexuality).

See Gender based violence.

A measurement of the use of time by women and men, particularly in relation to paid and unpaid work, market and non market activities, leisure and personal time.

HANDEL IN VROUWEN-EN KINDEREN

The trade in people, primarily in women and children, for the purposes of modern slavery or cheap labour or for sexual exploitation (see Sex trade).

Measured against the total labour force, the number of persons who are registered as being without work, seeking work and currently available for work (European Community Labour Force Survey).

Work which carries no direct remuneration or other form of payment (see also Recognition and valuation of unpaid work).

The concentration of women and men in different grades, levels of responsibility or positions (see Job segregation).

Any form of education which prepares for a qualification for a particular profession, trade or employment or which provides the necessary skills for such a profession, trade or employment (European Court of Justice, Gravier Case 293/83 ECR 1985).

Violence against women by their partner (see also Domestic violence).

An academic, usually interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of women’s situation and gender relations as well as the gender dimension of all other disciplines.